A transformer is designed either to step voltage up or to step voltage down.

• A. Only Up
• B. True
• C. Only Down
• D. False

Answer: (B)

Voltage change in a transformer comes from the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings. In an ideal transformer, the output voltage is the input voltage multiplied by the secondary-to-primary turns ratio (Vs = Vp × Ns/Np). If the secondary has more turns than the primary, the transformer steps the voltage up; if the secondary has fewer turns, it steps the voltage down. Since you can design a transformer with either arrangement, it can be designed to do either stepping up or stepping down. That makes the statement true. The other options would imply only one direction or no change, which isn’t correct.